Æ16 - Amyntas Cremna

Historical Context: This Æ16 coin was issued by Amyntas, the last King of Galatia, from 39 to 25 BC, a tumultuous era of Roman civil wars. A powerful client king, Amyntas controlled vast territories. Initially allied with Mark Antony, he deftly switched allegiance to Octavian after Actium, retaining his kingdom until his death in 25 BC, when Galatia became a Roman province. This coinage, likely for Cremna, underscored his semi-autonomous rule and facilitated local commerce under Roman suzerainty.

Artistry: The anonymous engraver worked within the provincial Hellenistic tradition, often incorporating Roman stylistic influences. The obverse typically features a diademed bust of Amyntas, conveying ruler authority through individualized portraiture. The reverse commonly displays an eagle standing left, a symbol of power often associated with Zeus or Roman imperial might, or a club of Herakles. The design prioritizes legibility and symbolic representation, characteristic of smaller bronze issues.

Technical/Grading: Struck on a 16mm flan weighing 4.53 grams, this Æ16 issue typically exhibits variable strike quality. Key high points for assessing wear include Amyntas's hair, diadem, and facial features on the obverse. On the reverse, critical areas are the eagle's head, breast feathers, and talons, or the texture of the Herakles club. Flan preparation and centering often vary. Corrosion is a common factor influencing preservation and grade.