Æ Quadrunx

Historical Context: This Æ Quadrunx was issued by Calatia, a significant Campanian city, during the tumultuous Second Punic War (216-211 BC). Following the Roman defeat at Cannae, Calatia defected to Hannibal. This coinage represents a declaration of independence and a crucial exercise of local sovereignty, defying Rome. Its production ceased abruptly with the Roman recapture and severe punishment of Calatia in 211 BC, making these issues poignant artifacts of a brief, defiant autonomy.

Artistry: While the engraver remains anonymous, the coin exhibits characteristic Campanian artistry, blending Hellenistic influence with a robust local style. The obverse typically features a laureate head of Zeus, rendered with a strong profile. The reverse often depicts an eagle standing on a thunderbolt, a powerful symbol of divine authority, accompanied by the ethnic inscription "KALATINOM" and the numeral "IIII" denoting its Quadrunx denomination. The style is vigorous, though sometimes less refined than contemporary Greek masterworks.

Technical/Grading: Struck on a substantial bronze flan (25.50 gg, 28 mm), the technical execution of this Quadrunx can vary. High points for wear on the obverse include Zeus's forehead, nose, and the highest points of the laurel wreath. On the reverse, the eagle's head, breast, and wing tips are most susceptible to abrasion. Strikes are often strong, yet centering can be inconsistent, potentially leading to some loss of legend or design at the flan edges. Flan preparation may exhibit minor irregularities common to wartime bronze issues.